Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Emilys Strength in Knights...

Emilys Strength in Chaucers The Knights Tale This passeth yeer by yeer and day by day, Till it fill ones, in a morwe of May, that Emelye, that fairer was to sene Than is the lylie upon his stalke grene, And fressher than the May with floures newe - For with the rose colour stroof hire hewe, I noot which was the fyner of hem two- (1033-1039) Thus is Emily, the least often discussed of the four central characters in the Knights Tale, described upon her first important entrance in the tale, when the knights initially view her in all of her loveliness. This description of Emily fits in with the common criticism that she is more a†¦show more content†¦This convention, however, is not necessarily of a negative nature. All of the imagery and language that envelops Emily is completely unparalleled within any of the portraits in the Prologue (Cooper 110); and, though she is a thoroughly two-dimensional character, it is through this limited perspective that Chaucer has tried so hard to create (Donaldson 48) that we realize Emilys true purpose. This purpose is to serve as a rhetorical device to allow the reader to come to a full realization of the ideals behind the tale. If she had any sort of individualistic characterization, it would completely detract from her place in the story (Cooper 110). She would fail to accomplish the main goal of the Knights Tale; to inform the readers of ideas and ideals of the world, rather than specific people, characters or incidents (Donaldson 49). True, Emily does not really have a mind of her own. According to one critic, she is even completely without any chance to leave an imprint on or change in any way the world around her (Spearing 43). She still, however has a good deal of power. After all, she is able to force two brothers into a state of total rivalry before they even speak to her (Spearing 43). Once she has served this purpose, she does recede into the background for a lengthy period of time; but, without her, the remainder of the plot would never occur. The happy ending, which teaches the reader the Knights belief in chivalric life and love, wouldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Knight And His Tale2835 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of the Knight and His Tale in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a poem consisting of several tales told by various pilgrims, is perhaps the most well known work of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in the general prologue many of the pilgrims in a satirical manner. In prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduces the Knight as â€Å"a true perfect gentle-knight,† (5) who exemplifies the code of chivalry. The tale that the Knight later narratesRead MoreKnights Of The Middle Ages1692 Words   |  7 PagesThe word ‘chivalry’ originates from the Old French word chevalerie which can be translated to â€Å"skill in riding a horse†. Only the men who could skillfully control the strength and speed of a horse were likely to survive in combat. Over time the word came to stand for much more, in particular, a code of behavior, conduct and ethics to which all knights were held. These knights were bound by a code of honor. Each knight had to swear that he wou ld defend â€Å"the weak, the poor, widows, orphans, and the

Poker Regulation Persuasive Speech Outline - 1124 Words

Persuasive Outline Persuasive goal: Why online poker should be regulated in the states. I am persuading a question of fact, value, or policy? Policy I am persuading my audience to take action in what way? Understand online poker should be regulated and to get people to reach out to an elected official. I will focus on the following emotional appeal/need? Do what is right in a free country. I. Introduction a) Talk about how I became part of poker movement. b) On April 15th last year a huge number of people lost their jobs. Direct people to twoplustwo.com with the thousands of stories of people that played online poker. c) Online poker should be regulated in the United States. d) Talk about my history with†¦show more content†¦c) Jobs 2. This would create jobs. Both for the people like me that played for a living, and for people that would work for the companies that offer online gaming. These would be real jobs, and every one of these jobs would offer real taxable income. (All three of these things are good. Help problem gamblers, create taxable income, and most importantly create jobs that will give people disposable income to pump into the struggling economy.) (So what can be done? Well I will tell you.) V. Take action. a. Contact your elected officials. This isn’t just a freedom that everyone should be able to enjoy if they so choose. Right now this is prohibition, and we have seen over and over again that prohibition does not work. Whether it is with alcohol in the 20’s and early 30’s, the current war on drugs, and now poker, it does not work. b. The website twoplustwo that I directed you to earlier is filled with real people that lost real jobs. I was lucky. I did not have a family to support, but others did, and there was a lot more on the line for them. There were people that lost hundreds of thousands of dollars to Full Tilt because no regulation was in place. c. So do your part and visit The Poker Players Alliance, or twoplustwo.com to see what you can do to help. Every day there is a daily action plan to get people to reach out and contact elected officials. EvenShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management S kills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesdegree of success or failure. In summary, evidence suggests that a five-step learning model is most effective for helping individuals develop management skills (see Cameron Whetten, 1984; Kolb, 1984; Vance, 1993; Whetten Cameron, 1983). Table 3 outlines such a model. Step 1 involves the assessment of current levels of skill competency and knowledge of the behavioral principles. Step 2 consists of the presentation of validated, scientifically based principles and guidelines for effective skill performanceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesThe Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion Regulation 115 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117 †¢ Customer Service 118 †¢ Job Attitudes 119 †¢ Deviant Workplace Behaviors 119 †¢ Safety and Injury

Journal Information Communication Technology-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Information Communication Technology? Answer: Introduction In modern days, internet has been gaining popularity extraordinarily. It has become a very important tool of communication that brings in significant efficiency and convenience for the people. However although internet is comprehensive and is not that easy to limit, most of the countries are working on its censorship. Censorship can be defined as the official prohibition of any kind of communication that is considered to threaten the social, political and moral order (Antonovsky 2017). Censorship is one of the heavily debated topics all round the world. Every country has its own set of regulations and policies which vary significantly. The issue of the internet censorship is a very controversial and complex one. It is considered to be a double-edged sword. This essay will compare and contrast the media censorship of Pakistan and Australia. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the discussion of censorship issues and current regulation in both the countries. Internet Censorship Internet censorship is all about suppressing or controlling the things that can be accessed or published on the internet that are enacted by the regulators or by their self initiative. However, internet censorship basically takes place in order to stop people from seeing the harmful and sensitive content and for promoting particular idea of religion or politics and to control the internet related crimes (Clark et al. 2017). According to several studies, people use to value the contents more that are usually restricted to access and the maximum of them include political, sexual and social contents. Similarities and dissimilarities in terms of internet censorship: The similarities include that in both the countries, the contents on internet including videos, images or tagline are either banned or blurred by the government if they seems to violate any rule or regulation or promoted violence among the youths. In both the countries, restrictions are prompted as well. They have the complete right to control the violence and miscues that are happening through the social media platforms in order to protect the countrymen from crimes and bomb threatening. They have blocked several websites. The governments in both the countries have imposed compulsory filtering at the ISP (Internet Service Provider) level. In Pakistan, the PTA (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority) is responsible to control and maintain every communication technologies in the country (Jahangir and Shah 2016). It has blocked the country access to more than 370 websites including YouTube and twitter. A bill was also passed to ban using Facebook as well. However, this is not the case in Australia. The Australian government too has banned many of the websites in order to protect the children form harmful contents that are available on the internet and has but the list is less than that of Pakistan. However, the list of banned websites includes that of Yes Movies, Vumoo, Cartoon HD, The Dare TV, Watch Episodes etc. The dissimilarities include that most of the popular social media platforms are blocked in Pakistan, which is not the case in Australia. Pakistan government has blocked access to YouTube, twitter and Facebook (Marchant et al. 2016). With the same, downloading through torrent is censored and is illegal in Australia. Television censorship Since television has become official in 1930s, there have been several geographical disparities related to the degree or level o which different countries watch television contents. Hence, different processes have been implemented by the governments of different countries in order to prevent these inappropriate contents from reaching the audiences and this is known as censorship. Similarities and dissimilarities in terms of internet censorship: The similarities include: In Australia movies are banned that are considered to be aggressive to the standards of ethics, courtesy and propriety. For example, the 2014 film Childrens Island was banned by the Australian government as it contains Child pornography. Found was also banned in Australia as there were many aggressive and inappropriate contents that promotes sexual violence (Rico 2015). The same is the case in Pakistan. The Pakistan government too bans movies or shows that are considered to be harmful for the children to be aired on television. If any movie directed which is exceptional and disrespecting to the religion tor to any specific current political person so it is censored by the government until they pass the permission to let be filmed in cinemas. For example, in the year 2012, a film named Ek Tha Tiger was banned by the Federal Government as the role of the ISI agent was played by Katrina Kaif (Rehman 2016). The dissimilarities include: In Pakistan they just censor and ban all the TV channels which are related from India and Syria or related to the Muslims religious issues but this is not the case in Australia. Censorship of Video Games The Video games are one of the major pastimes for adolescents worldwide. Regardless of which country a child belongs to, he is likely to be a very big fan of video games. Video censorship is all about decreasing the exposure of children to such video games that are violent and contains anti-social behavior that may harm the mindset of young generation. Similarities and dissimilarities in terms of video game censorship: In both the countries of Australia and Pakistan the video games that are seen to be harassing or contain any type of sexual scenes are banned by the governments. Three of the best examples of such video games that are banned in Pakistan are Medal of Honor, Valkyrie Drive and Call of Duty (Goerger 2017). Medal of Honor and Call of Duty were banned as they portray Pakistanis negatively, while Valkyrie Drive was banned for the excessive themes and sexual contents it contains. Similarly, in Australia, games like Bully, EverQuest was banned because they are considered as showing harassment and violence in a school setting; EverQuest was banned for the references of Australias X18+; and Grand Theft Auto was banned as it had used the music of Hamilton da Silva Lourenco without his permission. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that media censorship actions are taken by both the countries and these are solely done to protect the children from the harmful content that could ruin their innocence in a very early age. Secondly, it is done so that the sense of violence could not be triggered in the heart and mind of the country men, as high aggressive scenes and violence could affect the attitudes of the adolescents. With the same, such decisions are also made to protecttheprivacy, and todefendthe mediastoresfromcorporate and political result. References: Antonovsky, A.Y., 2017. Technologies of the electoral process: A field study of the possibility of informative communication.Russian Studies in Philosophy,55(1), pp.37-48. Clark, J.D., Faris, R.M., Morrison-Westphal, R.J., Noman, H., Tilton, C.B. and Zittrain, J.L., 2017. The shifting landscape of global internet censorship. Goerger, M., 2017. Value, violence, and the ethics of gaming.Ethics and Information Technology,19(2), pp.95-105. Jahangir, M.N. and Shah, A.A., 2016. Tracing ICT Innovation Ecosystem of Pakistan.Bahria University Journal of Information Communication Technology,9(2), pp.46-52. Marchant, J., Sabeti, A., Bowen, K., Kelly, J. and Heacock Jones, R., 2016. # Iranvotes: Political Discourse on Iranian Twitter During the 2016 Parliamentary Elections. Rehman, M., 2016. Discourse on gender, religion, and culture in Pakistani films: A narrative analysis of contemporary independent films from Pakistan. Rico, A.R., 2015.Abu Ghraib and torture porn cinema: how the Saw, Hostel, and I Spit on Your Grave series manifested social fears of torture following the release of the Abu Ghraib photographs(Doctoral dissertation).

The Bluest Eye Analysis Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Bluest Eye Analysis Essay, Research Paper The Bluest Eye In a movie interview, Morrison has stated, # 8220 ; I suppose The Bluest Eye is about one # 8217 ; s dependence on the universe for designation, self-value, feelings of worth. # 8221 ; Toni Morrison has been systematically insightful and helpful critic of her work. With respect to herfirst novel, she has indicated that her program was to take love and the effects of its scarceness in the universe as her major subjects, concentrating on the interior lives of her characters, particularly those of an enclosed community. Her declared purpose is to demo # 8220 ; how to last whole in a universe where we are all of us, in some step, victims of something. # 8221 ; Morrison # 8217 ; s wide vision extends beyond the person to one that explores self-discovery in relation to a # 8220 ; shared history. # 8221 ; In order to dramatise the destructive effects of this sort of dependence, she deliberately exaggerates to happen the bounds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bluest Eye Analysis Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Bluest Eye, Claudia MacTeer provides a kid # 8217 ; s point of view-sometimes from an grownup perspective-while an all-knowing voice relates information unknown by Claudia. There are besides passages switching between 3rd individual omniscient and first individual watercourse of consciousness. Morrison uses these combined voices T o give varied positions without fall backing to auctorial invasion or sermon. She wants her readers to take part to the full in her fiction, to travel with her to analyze the frequently painful fortunes of her characters’ lives. Survival, a subject running throughout Morrison # 8217 ; s fiction, is hard for the strongest of her characters. For 11 twelvemonth old Pecola Breedlove, the focal character of The Bluest Eye, detecting a agency to confirm her ain individuality is thwarted at every bend. Morrison # 8217 ; s first novel takes topographic point in 1941, when Pecola, an inexperienced person and convenient victim of her community # 8217 ; s defeat, choler, ignorance, and shame, becomes a adult female. Raped by her male parent, she gives birth to a abortive kid and so escapes her sense of ugliness into lunacy, convinced that she has as if by magic been given bluish eyes. The Bluest Eye illustrates the possible effects of wholly depending on external conditions for self-image, for in trying to fulfill a paradigm that differs so radically from world, African-Americans may destruct their indispensable nature. And in denying their natural gifts ( or, as Morrison calls it, their # 8220 ; funkiness # 8221 ; ) in order to pacify white outlooks, African americans accelerate their suicide.

Business Model free essay sample

usiness model canvas for Hamp;M Enabling promises Making promises Keeping promises Question â„â€"2 From the figure above we can see that the Organization makes promises to their customers. As well as organization does it, it also enables promises to Service Provider. And finally Service provider has to keep that promises to customers. Applying to Hamp;M. Hamp;M as an organization makes promises to their customers to deliver fashionable clothes with good quality at reasonable price. Their 750 suppliers situated worldwide especially in Asia have to enable promises of Hamp;M by manufacturing clothes designed by Hamp;M designers and pattern makers. They have to produce at high level monitoring all the processes of production. And finally suppliers have to keep promises made by Hamp;M to their customers by producing goods with appropriate quality and in time required. Question â„â€"3. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hamp;M is world known retail brand. The main three key success factors are formulated in company`s business concept  «Fashion and quality at the best price†. They provide good style and design for their clothes. At the same time for ensuring good quality of their products they provide a complete process of testing and controlling the quality. The price of their products is lower in comparison with the price of toughest competitors. ‘We ensure the best price,’ they say, ‘by having few middlemen, buying large volumes, having extensive experience of the clothing industry, having a great knowledge of which goods should be bought from which markets, having efficient distribution systems and being cost-conscious at every stage. They have wide range of concepts for each customer segment: children, teen, men and women. The other reason why Hamp;M is successful is that they have approximately 2300 shops in 41 markets. They have shops worldwide in big and small cities in good locations. This factor and their strong marketing policy make them recognizable all over the world, so almost everyone knows about Hamp;M. Hamp;M is represe nted in all social networks and they regularly have advertisements in fashion magazines, billboards, World Wide Web. Hamp;M is also known as a fast fashion retailer, which establishes exciting collaborations with famous designers from high fashion industry, such as Karl Lagerfeld, Stella McCartney, Viktor amp; Rolf, Roberto Cavalli, Comme des Garcons, Matthew Williamson, Jimmy Choo, Sonia Rykiel, Lanvin and Versace. All this factors are guarantying them many satisfied customers, strong performance and basement for future development of their company. Question â„â€"4. The market which Hamp;M operates in is very competitive. Their biggest competitors are Zara, Benetton, Top shop and Peacocks. This market is so-called Fast Fashion. Fast fashion  is a term used to describe clothing collections which are based on the most recent fashion trends presented at  Fashion Week  in both the spring and the autumn of every year. These trends are designed and manufactured quickly and cheaply to allow the mainstream consumer to take advantage of current clothing styles at a lower price. Fast fashion is considered to be a supermarket segment within the larger sense of the fashion market. This term refers to fast fashions nature to race to make apparel an even smarter and quicker cash generator. Three crucial factors exist within fast fashion consumption: market timing, cost, and the buying cycle. Hamp;M`s segment is inexpensive clothes and main customers are middle class people. Even though they are in this segment they sometimes they provide high fashion closing at prices lower than usual. It happens after collaboration with high fashion designers. .

Autism

Research Proposal /Autism Qualitative research design was chosen as the survey design appropriate for the study on autism. According to Strauss and Corbin (1990), qualitative research refers to as every type of study whose result is not based on any statistical approach or any other quantification method. According to (Patton, 2002, p.39), qualitative research produces findings arrived at from real-world settings where the â€Å"phenomenon of interest unfold naturally†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal /Autism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This survey design was chosen because it sheds light on the study subject while allowing for in-depth understanding and extrapolation of the findings to other situations as opposed to a quantitative survey design that seek casual determination, prediction, and generalization of findings. One normal method of improving the validity and reliability of research is through triangulati on. Mathison (1988) asserts that triangulation has improved to become a crucial technique used not only in naturalistic and qualitative studies approaches, but also in evaluation so as manage bias and institute valid plans. This is because the conventional scientific methods cannot be compared to an alternative way of doing a qualitative study provided by triangulation. Golafshani (2003) supports triangulation technique because it makes a qualitative study strong. Despite the importance of Reliability and Validity as a measure for quality in quantitative studies, the terms Neutrality, Credibility, Dependability and Applicability are crucial measure for quality. Golafshani (2003) continues to argue that the use of the term â€Å"dependability† in qualitative studies is a close match to the idea of â€Å"reliability† in quantitative research. Moreover, the author suggests that another method of improving the dependability of qualitative research is through the use of an assessment method called inquiry audit. In this way, the reliability of a qualitative study can be assessed at process and product level. Similarly, (Fowler, 1993) approves of the concept of dependability with the concept of consistency or reliability in qualitative research. Through assessment of study items like raw data, data reduction products, and process notes dependability of data will be realized (Fowler, 1993).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This survey will be based on interviews with about 1,000 respondents, although many high-quality surveys are substantially larger because of the need to cover extensive areas, many subgroups of interest, and other considerations. However, a sample size of 1,000 has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3 percentage points, which is precise enough to suit the purposes of most researchers. A sample of 1,000 cases als o permit making of statistical comparisons among some sub-groups of the population, such as, comparing the responses among different gender categories (men and women) , with a margin of sampling error of about 6 points. In the case where the survey findings are reported to the press, the findings will produce good round number that captures the interest and possible support of news people and the public. The population of interest will be defined as all the patients suffering from Autism in a particular hospital during a specific time period. The patient list to generate the sample will likely include information about the patient’s age, duration of stay, and reason for admittance. The parameters of time, age, hospital, and duration of stay will be used to limit the scope of the study. Semi-structured questionnaires administered in an interview schedule will the preferred method of data collection in the qualitative study. In order to reduce bias, a list of patients (sample f rame), will be subjected to randomization in selecting a sample that is representative of the whole population. References Fowler, F. J., Jr. (1993).Survey Research Methods, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597-606. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol8/iss4/6/ Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate? Educational Researcher, 17(2), 13-17.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal /Autism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory  procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Autism Autism This custom research paper will focus on autism which is defined as a developmental disability which is believed to occur in early three years of a childs life. This disability comes up as a result of a neurological disorder that actually disturbs the normal functioning of the brain which thereafter impairs the development of an individuals communications and interaction abilities. Usually this disorder comes with different impairments on different children. Neurological disorders like autism in some other instances can be very severe, and during such chronic stages it is usually debilitating thus resulting to inability of the child affected to perform the usual routine practices for example household matters effectively and efficiently. (Francesca, 1994) The symptoms of this disorder may be poor concentration, being temperamental and sleep disorders. Such worries and anxiety causes major stress and may cause bad image in the societal aspect as well as in the work-related environment contexts and other significant parts of operation in an individual’s daily life. We can also deduce that such turbulences caused by psychological disorders including autism are not related however to other psychological causes such as drug abuse or medical conditions that might be related to this kind of anxiety. (Graff, Green and Libby, 1998) Problem statement Research indicates that autism is stated to be among the five neurological disorders referred to as Pervasive Developmental Disorders that is said to be carrying a severe and pervasive impairment in a number of development parts of an individual. Autism disorder mostly affects young children and most cases have been reported to be chronic or severe between the ages of one to three years. According to the Center for Disease Control Prevention carried out in the 2007, it was found that an estimation of two in three hundred births many children are believed to be affected by autism and the cases are still reported to be rising. As a neurological disorder it symbolizes an array of psychiatrist states whereby emotional suffering is manifested in the form of bodily, mental and psychological troubles and in many instances physical indications are seen. However, it should be noted that the ultimate indication is that of manifestation of this disorder which may develop to be severe to the chi ld in the long-term. Many medical scientists have come to an agreement that children suffering from such disorders usually have poor capability to adjust to new environment, incapability to alter his/her life patterns and more specifically the lack of ability to build up a comfortable, more pleasing and a more comprehensive personality that he/she desires to live in. Indeed autism disorder impairs the child’s communication system which may affect him/her negatively in the future in the ordinary course of life. Medical scientists under this research report that the most common disorder as a result of autism is that of speech referred to as aphonia whereby an individual cannot communicate loudly but only can whisper while speaking. The other common disorder associated with autism is that of mutism whereby it also lies under the category of speech disorder and in many cases it is difficult to be diagnosed and at the same time it is not common as compared to that of aphonia which is widespread in most children. (Guralnick, 1998) Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to identify whether this autism disorder is treatable and what are the means of treatment available. Autism is said to be deeply entrenched in ego defense mechanism whereby it leads to building up of conducts and thinking that results to a child affected to loose taste for life. Therefore the overall purpose of this study is to shed more insight on the symptoms, causes and ways of treatment of this disorder in order to equip mainly the parents on how to curb the spread and effects of this disorder. Benefits of conducting the research This study will therefore enable the families of the individuals suffering from autism to realize and learn the best methods and ways of treating their family members affected with such a disorder. This study will give hope to the families who in one way or another have been affected with this disorder; that is they will get suitable information about autism and particularly the ways of treatment deemed to be effective in curbing the disorder. Limitations of the study Since this is an exploratory study it will imply that more time will be needed to conduct the research in order to find the relevant information that will reflect to the general behavior of the disorder. Also another constraint is that of availability of funds since the research will require the researcher to reach to a wider population through interviewing many respondents. Research Hypothesis The statement about this research topic that reflects the general outcome of this research area will be; there is significant evidence that the adverse effects common in the world regarding autism is caused by lack of adequate knowledge by the affected persons on the best ways of treatment of autism. LITERATURE REVIEW Research indicates that autism occurs in different ways in different individuals, especially children and therefore its treatment is said to be successful in most cases but it has been reported that it is difficult to identify the different indications of autism on different people affected which in the process has made treatment of this disorder to be ineffective because of late identification. There has been many reasons as to why autism treatment has not been successful over the last few years and such reasons include; indications of the affected person not clearly being known which is considered the first step in treating such disorders. The other reason is that of the view that people with autism are usually feeble and lazy which may not be true thus inability of treating the disorder with its corrective measures because the assumption may not hold. We also find that an individual suffering from autism is an analytic tag applied to the condition of mind, usually that of fear or emotional extremes The fear associated with this disorder normally lies on a certain body part and usually an individual imagines that he/she has a problem in that part of the body. (Harris and Handleman, 1994) This disorder is found to be associated with social phobia which is characterized by powerful fear of becoming disgraced in social circumstances and particularly embarrassing oneself when other people are seeing him. From the previous cases of autism it is indicated that the disorder may commence at an age of three years and sometimes may attack the young ones in society. Those suffering from this disorder believe that they are inferior in the society and often they overstate small errors that they commit of which it may not hold. Another sign of this disorder is that of blushing where the individuals affected in the society tend to view such blushing as an embarrassing experience because they always think that everyone are seeing them in that state. Also such individuals may have fear of associating with persons of diverse cultures apart from those that they live with them. In some other instances those suffering from social phobia disorder may feel nervous when making speeches and particularly when addressing large crowds of people and sometimes fear to communicate to their bosses in their place of work or even having fear to date. Social phobia disorder in may interrupt an individuals way of life and particularly relationships in workplace and in the community. (Harris and Weiss, 1998) The best way of treating individuals with social phobia disorder is through medication process under which tricyclic antidepressants are used for example the use of imipramine, phonelzine among others. The actual treatment is normally directed to reduce panic attacks which aids in speedy recovery of patients suffering from the disorder. In some other cases meager management of panic will be adequate for those affected to come back to normal. Also antianxiety and some specific drugs are recommended particularly for chronic attack by social disorder. Also over the past, psychotherapy practices particularly behavioral psychotherapy have been recommended too to treat social disorder which involves trying to understand or counseling the persons affected ( This is a part of research paper on autism )

PetSmart Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PetSmart Inc - Research Paper Example The first step is to deal with the demographics. Just as the above section has put it, it is beyond doubt that the population of blacks and Hispanics is on the rise within our country. A good business is one that manages to keep its current crop of customers as well as bring in new ones. PetSmart Inc. should put in plans aimed at increasing their customer base among the two named communities (Podberscek 5). They can achieve this by aggressively marketing the services they offer to the Hispanic population as well as those of black origin. Still under the demographics aspect, I presume true the fact that the dream of every one is to have a family. This is because a family provides us with the sense of belonging. More often than not when families grow in number, they tend to do away with the pets they used to keep (Podberscek 8). This act can spell doom for PetSmart Inc. PetSmart Inc. should employ education in order to ensure that they find a way out (Williams 7). I presume true the fa ct that the American people at large would not have accomplished all that we have if we were rigid. It is for that reason that I believe that PetSmart Inc. should embark on a campaign to encourage people to be flexible and continue keeping the pets even as the families grow. After all, even the pets need to have some sense of belonging. Another area that PetSmart Inc. ... PetSmart Inc. should charge highly those who desire high quality services and at the same time offer moderate services for the average earners. This will make the customers get value for their money. At the same time, it will avert the possibility of PetSmart Inc. not offering their services to a customer if he falls short of the price (Williams 17). The section above introduced the aspect of competition by mentioning Petco. The pet industry is no doubt a business for the future. At the same time, it is important note that several other companies will spring up within the same industry (Podberscek 2). How can PetSmart handle the present and future competition to ensure that they dominate the industry? One-step that they should take is diversification in the pets they sell and the services they offer. The diversification in both will enable the customers prefer their stores because they will be offering all under one roof (Figure 24). To ensure that they dominate the industry in the y ears to come, I will borrow a leaf from other world brands. Take Apple Inc. as an example, it has used its various products to form a large and loyal customer base. In like manner, PetSmart should put up a brand for pet food. This brand will enable the customers embrace most of the services they offer. The overall effect will be that the customer base will be immense and it will be able to beat off competition that other companies provide. The previous section mentions that PetSmart Inc. classifies its customers based on the frequency at which they visit the store. We all know that for a business to keep bringing in constant profits, its customers must always go and come again (Williams 19). In the entire business world, most

Generation Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generation Gap - Essay Example One can easily identify that the theme of socio-cultural alienation faced by elderly citizens is still a burning issue in the mainstream society. Thesis statement: In the short story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, the narrator’s point of view, symbolism and irony reveal/ support/ emphasize the theme of alienation in the mainstream society. In this essay, the literary elements like the narrator’s point of view, symbolism and irony are made use to prove that the same reveal/ support/ emphasize the short story’s theme. The narrator’s point of view In the short story, the narrator’s point of view is linked with the new generation’s attitude towards Emily Grierson. From a different angle of view, the writer makes use of the narrator as a medium to expose the attitude of the new generation towards elderly citizens, especially the womenfolk. One can see that the narrator does not hesitate to attend Emily’s funeral and this proves the n arrator’s empathetic attitude towards the marginalized individuals in the society. At the same time, the narrator does not try to reveal his sympathetic attitude towards Emily Grierson. Instead, the narrator leads the readers towards the circumstances which forced Emily to lead a secluded life. The writer makes use of a fictional county to unmask the tragic story. Within this context, narrator’s point of view is important because the same can be extended to a wider context. For instance, the problem of socio-cultural exclusion faced by Emily is applicable to the wider context of elderly citizens in the society. As pointed out, the narrator’s role in the story is not to produce sympathy towards Emily. Instead, the narrator’s point of view is symbolic of the wide gap between the old and the new generation. In the short story, the narrator symbolizes the new generation in the society, and the writer makes use of the narrator to expose the difference in attit ude towards change. In short, the narrator’s point of view mirrors the writer’s point of view, i.e. empathy towards the marginalized individuals in the society. Symbolism The problems faced by Emily Grierson and her father Mr. Grierson, are symbolic of problems faced by the elderly citizens who are not ready to change. Shmoop stated that, â€Å"This Faulkner classic shows us the process by which human beings become isolated by their families, by their community, by tradition, by law, by the past, and by their own actions and choices† (7). For instance, Mr. Grierson considered that the youngsters in the society are not suitable for his daughter. This negative attitude eventually led his daughter to face alienation and socio-cultural exclusion in the society. Besides, Emily was deeply influenced by her father’s character and she refused to marry. Later, those who lived in Jefferson began to consider that Emily will find out a suitable youngster. But she did not try to do so because she was so proud about her ancestral lineage. In the end, Emily was forced to face social and cultural exclusion because she was not ready to change. Besides, Emily’s housekeeper/servant was her one and only link with the society. One can see that Emily’s pathetic life and her tragic end are symbolic of the aftereffect of her negative attitude towards change. From a different angle of view, Emily’s father did not allow her to marry and this accelerated her socio-cultural exclusion. On the other side, Emily did not try to be within the mainstream society and was forced to face the consequences. She did not try to develop cordial relationship with her neighbors. Instead, she depended upon her servant and this attitude forced her to shrink herself into her private circle. When she became older, no one other than her servant was there to help her.

Dreaming argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dreaming argument - Essay Example An argument is considered valid only if the conclusion is logically drawn from the premises. The two premises of the argument are; â€Å"I can know something about the world outside my mind only if I can know that I am not dreaming†. â€Å"I cannot know whether I am dreaming or awake†. From these two premises, the conclusion is; â€Å"Therefore, I cannot know anything about the world outside my mind†. The conclusion flows from the premises. The first premise is a statement that explains why it is impossible to know about the world outside one’s mind. It means that the world outside is only real when one is not dreaming. The second premise then indicates that the person is not able to distinguish when he is awake or dreaming. This then leads to a logical conclusion that the person cannot know anything that is real, because he does not know when to distinguish what is real and what is not. The argument is therefore valid. Premise one is true because what is outside the mind is real and one can only know of reality when one is awake. This premise can be interpreted to mean that the world outside one’s mind is unknown to the person because the mind creates everything. The mind is in control and gives the perceptions. There are two worlds according to Descartes, the dream world, and the real world. In these worlds, similar things occur, making it hard to differentiate between a dream from real life. It, therefore, gives an individual the chance to choose to live in reality or a dream. One is given the chance to decide when the experiences he is going through are real, and when the experiences are a dream. Reasons for doubting that premise one as true: The premise argues that dreams are similar to normal life experiences that people go through making it difficult for one to know when he is living through a dream or is awake. This means that dreams only focus on people’s lives and not any other thing outside an individual’s mind. Dreams

Agricultural Climate Adaptation: Pakistan Wheat Industry

Agricultural Climate Adaptation: Pakistan Wheat Industry Agricultural Climate Adaptation plan:  A Case Study of Pakistan wheat industry Lubna Naz 1.0  Introduction 1.1 Global warming as a result of climate change is projecting higher temperature and unpredicted rainfall pattern coupled with extreme events like flash floods and storm. This never seen before phenomena would be a threat to mankind in all sphere of life if no appropriate actions are taken. As elaborated in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of IPCC (2007), the average temperature of the globe has risen to 0.6 °C between the year 1901 to 2000 and will projected to increase more by 1.8-3.4  °C by the end of this century. 1.2 Agriculture among the various sector of the economy of Pakistan is considered to be the most fragile sector to the unexpected changes in the climate that not only affect the amount of its production and quality but also put pressure on the availability of natural resources needed for the development of agriculture sector. Concurrently, wheat being an important agricultural industry for the economy of Pakistan is not spared from the effects of climate change. As a matter of concern, it is fundamental for all associates of the industry together with policy and decision makers to work out an adaptation strategy on how to overcome the negative impact of climate change and continue to remain a competitive sector. Successful and effective adaptation measures will need both strategic and tactical approach that based on best practices to cope with the adverse effect of climate change. Furthermore, an efficient screening and monitoring will also be needed in order to have better evaluatio n of the adapted practices that whether they are effective in controlling and minimizing the unfortunate impact of climate change. 1.3 The rise in temperature, unpredicted rainfall coupled with the increase intensity of extreme events such as drought and stress all have significant impact on the wheat industry in Pakistan. High Rainfall results in flood, waterlogged condition and hail damage that negatively affect the wheat production. As a consequence, infestation of insect, pest and diseases outbreaks and result in severe damage and in some cases even complete crop loss. Similarly, increase in temperature also negatively affects the yield of the wheat and cause major economic loss in Pakistan. As reported by Rasul et al. (2011) the rise in temperature greatly reduced the wheat yield in Pakistan particularly at sowing time and grain filling period. Furthermore, Rawson and Macpherson (2000) also reported that wheat crop destroyed faster in waterlogged conditions and as a consequence seedlings of wheat die within two days and thus resulted in low yield. Apart from the low yield other identified impact of climate change on wheat industry is decrease in GDP, decrease in foreign exchange, effect policy making, penalties by buyer; for unable to supply the required amount of wheat grains, difficulty in transportation, outspread of insect and pest, affect the livelihood of the farmers and as consequence disturb the economy of the country. Many potential adaption measures such as crop management practices, new varieties, crop rotation and water management are used in wheat industry in Pakistan. However, these practices need to be customized, improve or incorporated in different ways to cope with the adverse effect of climate change. 2.0 Adaptation plan Appropriate adaptation plan is required in the wheat industry to minimize and prevent the damage caused by the adverse effect of climate change and increase the production and yield of the crop. Well planned and early adaptation strategies will not only save cost of production and cultivation techniques but in long term save millions of lives that depend on agriculture sector for their livelihood and employment. The adaptation strategies are needed at all levels of administration like local, regional and national. Therefore the objective of this paper is to set up an adaptation and mitigation plan for wheat industry in Pakistan to eradicate or minimize the challenges caused by high temperature, unpredicted rainfall and extreme weather condition. 2.1 Government involvement Pakistan is signatory to 15 Multilateral Environmental Agreements which is mainly related to climate change, biodiversity and rehabilitation. On the basis of its international commitments, Pakistan established a number of policies, projects and framework to reduce the environmental hazards such as National Disaster management Authority, Global Change Impact Study Centre and Task Force on Climate Change. However, the country is still in the hunt for further international assistance and support (khan et al. 2013). The government of Pakistan together with all the agencies involved should focus on capacity building, circulation of funds and technology, research for agriculture development, institution and framework and therefore, develop effective adaptation strategies and policies to reduce the vulnerability of wheat industry regarding changes in climate. 2.2New breeding program 2.2.1As describe earlier, temperature and rainfall both has devastating effect on wheat grain yield in Pakistan. Successful and productive plant breeding program is needed to be adapted to enhance the production and yield. The temperature is projected to increase in the northern areas of Pakistan coupled with high rainfall, in such area slow maturing cultivars having greater heat requirement should be planted that have positive effect on the photosynthetic activity of wheat. However, the region with the high temperature and decrease rainfall (arid and semi arid plains of Pakistan) the wheat cultivars having early flowering characteristics with wide row spacing should be sown as this will allow grain formation in cooler part of the year (Van Ittersum et al. 2003). Moreover, seed with good crop establishment, early hybrid vigour, responsive to increase in carbon dioxide concentration and ability to retain flower in windy and hot climate is needed to be planted (Richards 2002). Iqbal et al. (2009) also reported that crop varieties resistant to high temperature and of short duration should be planted in order to minimize the adverse impact of high temperature. 2.2.2 High temperature is expected to reduce the risk of frost and increase the grain yield. Therefore, wheat should be sown earlier so that plant can set up the grain formation in the cooler period when there is low risk of frost (Howden et al. 1999). Iqbal et al. (2009) also reported that alternative sowing dates should be used to avoid the adverse impact of high temperature on the crop at the time of sowing or other sensitive growth stages. 2.1.3 The climate change favours the infestation of insect, pest and diseases which lowered the yield of the crop. The best measure is to use integrated pest management strategy and Area Wide Management that is the coordination of the farmers and the policy makers of the entire areas. Furthermore, the use of genetically modified crop resistant to peat and disease should be introduced and cultural practices need to be modified such as mixed cropping and crop rotation to reduce the spread of disease (Stokes Howden 2008).Pakistan Agricultural research and development sector is focusing on all these strategies and development of new varieties of wheat to reduce the risk of climate change. 2.3Crop rotation and management Various crop management practices can be used to reduce the risk of the wheat crop to environmental hazards. Such as in case of heavy rainfall the growers need to adapt the zero tillage practices so as to have greater infiltration. Avoid compaction of the soil by farm, machines, human and livestock traffic (Easterling et al, 2007). However, in poor rainfall areas of Pakistan wide rows and skip row planting should be practiced to increase the yield and stability of the wheat. Hammer et al. (1996) reported that the timing, variety of the crop and rate of fertilizer application should be based on the seasonal rainfall and available soil moisture and nutrient content of the soil. Furthermore, use of modern agriculture technology like laser land levelling and crop diversification should also be included into consideration. 2.4  Milling quality 2.4.1 Wheat grain contain high level of protein content such as durum wheat but increasing level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere negatively affect protein content and hence reduce its flour quality. However, the reduction depend on the choice of cultivar selected and amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied (Rogers et al, 1998). To maintain the nitrogen content of the wheat grain, increase use of leguminous crop or increase use of nitrogen fertilizer need to be adopted (Hayman and Alston 1999). The growers should continuously monitor the nitrogen content of the paddock and should be well aware of the nitrogen management in the cropping system. Furthermore, nitrogen leaching, poor crop vigour, high rainfall during grain filling all contribute to decrease in protein content of the grain. Appropriate breeding program and effective policies is needed to enhance the quality of the harvest. 2.4.2 During the past 60 years there has been tremendous increase in flour mills in Pakistan. Starting with 19 flour mills, currently, 915 mills are working in Pakistan. It is therefore proposed that instead of having too many flour mills, only few huge mills should be accomplished which will positively affect the economy of the country. 2.5land and Water resource Management 2.5.1 Water is enormously important for agriculture sector of Pakistan and it economy, which depends on the scarce natural resources. The agricultural sector of Pakistan mainly depends on Indus river system (IRS) for 90% of its irrigation (Piracha and Majeed 2011). However, this natural resource is getting scarce with the time and proper water management practices should be reformed under the prevalence of climate change. According to Sayed (2008), the National Water Policy of the country has made a transparent and rational institutional framework policy to meet the demands of the twenty first century. Moreover, the Integrated Water Management Approach is also implemented based that is based on the utilization of both surface and ground water. The author also mentions that reallocation of water at the provincial level by balancing water availability to cropping system is one of the important task of the National Water Policy. Furthermore, according to Iqbal et al. (2009) present irri gation system of Pakistan need be customised to maximise the water use efficiency and appropriate irrigation technology should be used. Furthermore, the author also mentions that alteration in row spacing and the use of drought tolerant varieties need to be used to minimize the loss of water. The construction of small dams and checks on the Indus River and its tributaries would increase storage of water and decrease the severity of floods. 2.5.2  The unpredicted rainfall, rise in temperature and carbon dioxide concentration negative affect the composition of soil. The loss of nutrient such is phosphorus and nitrogen through surface runoff and leaching negatively affect the growth of the wheat. As reported by Hayman and Alston 1999 proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be added to the paddock in order to have good crop establishment. Moreover, proper soil management practices should be adopted to minimise the risk of surface runoff and leaching. 2.6  Transport infrastructure Hike in temperature as well as increase intensity and frequency of extreme events such as heavy rain, snowfall and flood have substantial impact on the transport infrastructure of Pakistan and cause severe destruction of railways, roads, shipping and airports. Effective adaptation measures should be taken to increase the resilience of infrastructure and this could be done by two ways. The first one is to construct the new infrastructure according to the magnitude and sensitivity of the particular area to the present and future predicted climate. Secondly the existing infrastructure should be made more resistant to changing climate by retrofitting and continues monitoring and maintenance. 2.7  Seasonal weather forecast As reported by Iqbal et al. (2009) the advance seasonal forecast is one of the best options to take appropriate adaptive measures. Furthermore, Crimp et al. (2006) also elaborated that â€Å"using climate information (seasonal forecast) in conjunction with system analysis producer can significantly reduce various risks†. On the basis of weather forecast, farmers need to adopt different operations. Such as if forecast is about the drier weather the farmers need to apply split application of some of nitrogen fertilizer to ensure good planting, and also maximize no till area. But if the forecast is about wetter season then farmers should sow the wheat earlier and apply fungicide to minimize the effect of leaf disease of wheat (Meinke and Hochman, 2000). 2.8  Disaster risk reduction Unpredicted pattern of monsoon rain and melting of glacier due to rise in temperature increase the level of water in the Indus Delta of Pakistan and subsequently these phenomena result in flooding. Effective strategic plan is required to maintain the continuous and balance water flow in the river and to meet the future demands of the society. As reported by sheikh et al. (2008) expansion of the natural reservoir capacity is needed in order to decrease the risk of flooding and drought and to address the consequent decrease in the river flow after all glacier have been melted. Moreover, the authors also mention that the reservoir should also be expanded in order provide the minimum water flow to the sea to prevent the intrusion of the water into the Indus delta region and to meet the future needs of the water. 2.9  Economy and Financial institution 2.9.1 As stated earlier, Pakistan economy largely depends on agriculture sector and wheat is the main staple crop of the country. The decrease in yield and quality of wheat has negative impact on the economy of Pakistan. In order to minimise the burden on the economy of Pakistan, development of new policies and appropriate measures to be implemented that could help in eradicating the hazards and catching the positive effects of climate. 2.9.2 Loan policies of financial institution can greatly limit the option for the growers to adjust farm management practices in light of change. These financial institutions may have to change their policies according to the needs of the farmer and predicted changes in the environment. Moreover, they should support and educate the farmers about onward selling and play constructive role the industry. 3.0  Barriers to adaptation strategies 3.1 Pakistan being an agriculture country is extremely vulnerable to climate change. However, Pakistan does not have the proper monitoring and screening system for the prediction of extreme events like flood, storm or changes in the climate that makes the development of short term adaptation strategies and mitigation measures immensely difficult. Although several weather station are working in different parts of the countries, but still due to the diverse topography some significant region are left uncovered (Climate Risk Adaptation Profile 2011). Moreover, the existing findings proposed that Karakorum glacier are expanding but these finding are based on the restrictive information of glacier snouts and suggest that loss of mass in Karakorum glacier reduce the quality and availability of water. As reported by to Sheik et al. (2008), there is a lack of current knowledge and evaluation techniques on the effect of climate change on the Hindu Kush region and lack of understanding and mod el assessment of glacier melting pattern and flow of water in Indus River. All these need to be address in order to have better evaluation of the problem. Moreover, the Hunza river basin has no meteorological station that severely constraint the utilization of Model River flows under climate change. References Piracha, A., and Majeed, Z. (2011). Water Use in Pakistan’s Agricultural Sector: Water Conservation under the Changed Climatic Conditions. International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments 1(3): 170-179. Climate Risk and Adaptation country profile. (2011). Vulnerability, risk reduction and adaptation to climate change Pakistan. Global facility for disaster reduction and recovery. Crimp S, Gaydon D, Howden M, Hall, C, Poulton P, Hochman Z. (2006) Managing Natural Resource Issues in a Variable and Changing Climate. Final Report to Land and Water Australia, Managing Climate Variability Program. pp86. Easterling, W.E., Aggarwal,P.K., Batima,P., Brander,K.M,. Erda, L., Howden, S.M., Kirilenko, A., Morton, J., Soussana,J.F., Schmidhuber, J., and Tubiello, F.N.(2007): Food, fibre and forest products. Climate Change 2007. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Hammer, G.L., Holzworth, D.P. and Stone, R. (1996) The value of skill in seasonal forecasting to wheat crop management in a region with high climatic variability. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 47: 717-737. Howden, S.M., Reyenga, P.J., and Meinke, H. (1999) Global Change Impacts on Australian Wheat Cropping. Report to the Australian Greenhouse Office. CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology Working Paper 99/04, Canberra, pp121. IPCC (2007): Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), Climate Change 2007, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Iqbal, M.M., Arif, Goherr, M. A., and Khan, A. M. (2009). Climate-change aspersions on food security of Pakistan. A scientific journal of COMSATS – SCIENCE VISION. Vol.15 (1). Khan, F., Ahmad, A, and Atta-ur-Rehman. (2013). Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Pakistan. Appraisal and Design Phase Report. Meinke, H. and Hochman, Z. 2000. Using seasonal climate forecasts to manage dryland crops in northern Australia. In: Hammer, G.L., Nicholls, N., Mitchell C. (eds.) Applications of seasonal climate forecasting in agriculture and natural ecosystems: The Australian experience. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p 149-165. Rasul, G., Chaudhry, Q. Z., Mahmood, A., and Hyder, K. W. (2011). Effect of Temperature Rise on Crop Growth Productivity. pakistan journal of meteorology, 8 (15). Rawson, H. M., and Macpherson, H. G. (2000). Irrigated Wheat: Managing Your Crop. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. pp 27-28. Rogers,G.S., Gras P.W., Batey I.L., Milham P.J., Payne, L., and Conroy, J.P. (1998) The influence of atmospheric CO2 concentration on the protein, starch and mixing properties of wheat flour. Aust J Plant Physiology 25:387-393. Richards, R.A. (2002). Current and emerging environmental challenges in Australian agriculture- the role of plant breeding. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 881-892. Sheikh, M. M., Iqbal, M. M., Ali, G., and Khan, A. M. (2008). Global warming in the context of Pakistan: major concerns and remedial strategies. Symposium on â€Å"Changing Environmental Pattern and its impact with Special Focus on Pakistan†. Stokes, C.J., and Howden, S.M. (2008). An overview of climate change adaptation in Australian primary industries – impacts, options and priorities. Report prepared for the National Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries. Sayed, A.H. (2008). Climate change and its realities for Pakistan. Manager Policy, Freshwater World Wide Fund for Nature, Pakistan. Symposium on â€Å"Changing Environmental Pattern and its impact with Special Focus on Pakistan†. van Ittersum, M.K., Howden, S.M., Asseng, S. (2003) Sensitivity of productivity and deep drainage of wheat cropping systems in a Mediterranean environment to changes in CO2, temperature and precipitation, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 97:255-273.

Comparison of Book and Movie of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Comparison of Book and Movie of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest is a book written by Ken Kesey to accomplish a certain mood within it's chapters.   The feelings and moods given in the book differ greatly from those in the movie because of multiple changes in character development.   Each and every time a movie is produced from a book, the producers are forced to change parts of the story in order to suit the audiences needs for a faster paced plot.   It is impossible to capture every mood or setting which the author creates.   What is lost can sometimes be the real meaning behind the story.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characterization of chief Bromden is a good example of the changes made from book to movie.   His past is a vital piece of information contributing to the mood and understanding of the story.   In the movie, Bromden is nothing more than a crazy Indian who doesn't want to talk so pretends to be deaf and dumb.   Much of the understanding and respect is lost in the transition between book and movie.   In the book, Bromden has flashbacks to his childhood, lighting on significant points in his childhood.   His background is never even brushed upon in the movie.   Of course it would have been nearly impossible to tell of Bromdens life in a movie, much less show the world from his point of view as in the book. Bromden is still a very interesting character but the real puzzle to his problems is lost.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McMurphy is a very sly, cunning man.   He knows how to play his game and does it well.   In the book as McMurphy progresses, he goes through many stages where he is rebellious, then docile, then rebellious again.   This is due to the fact that he learns exactly what it means to be committed and what it takes to be released.   Then he begins to see that all his ward mates (I don't know what you want to call them) are counting on him so he becomes rebellious again.   These reactions to his environments encourage McMurphy to be not crazy but intelligent and quick.   This is exactly the way a character such as McMurphy should act.

Disparity and Discrimination

Criminal Justice System has long been established in order to guide all law enforcers and legal officers in the implementation of laws and order in achieving justice. The law provides for strict prohibition of any signs of unfairness. However, the system is faced with issues of disparity and discrimination that continues to cast doubt as to the implementation of the law. Disparity refers to the â€Å"idea that individuals who commit the same or similar offenses receive different punishment† (Justice Works, 2008).Discrimination, on the other hand, refers to the â€Å"act of singling out a certain individual or group fro unfair treatment based on race, class, gender, or status† (Calderon). In criminal justice system, both disparity and discrimination are illegal. While disparity may not be intentional it is always unacceptable in the system. Discrimination, on the other hand, is always done intentionally.In addition, disparity is concern with the differences in outcome wh ile discrimination deals with equal treatment (Gelsthorpe and Padfield, 2003, p. 4). In criminal justice, disparity has been apparent in the juvenile proceedings. According to research, more juvenile minorities have been detained in public secure facilities while whites were housed in private secure facilities (Snyder and Sickmund, 1995). In addition, discrimination is also prevalent because of different treatment afforded to blacks and whites.Disparity usually occurs when more blacks were detained than whites who had committed same crime. Discrimination, on the other hand, occurs when detention of black was based on his race. In avoiding disparity, it is necessary that the legal factors such as seriousness of the crime and criminal history should be considered in the decision making (Calderon). Discrimination may also be avoided by implementing the law equally. References Calderon, M. (04 September 2006). AnairHoads. Org. Disparity and Discrimination. Retrieved January 28, 2009, from http://www.anairhoads.org/calderon/disdisc.shtml Gelsthorpe, L. and Padfield, N. (2003). Exercising Discretion: Decision Making in the Criminal Justice System and Beyond. Willan Publishing. Justice Works. (2008). Analysis of Racism in the Criminal Justice System. Retrieved January 28, 2009, from http://www.justiceworks.info/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=41&MMN_position=54:4 Snyder, H. N., and Sickmund, M. (1995). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National Report. Washington, D.C.: DIANE Publishing.

Free Essays on A Modern, Brave New World

A Modern, Brave New World To predict the future of a society can be an impossible feat, however Huxley’s Brave New World and his insightful predictions of the future are astonishingly accurate in several areas of our own society; his predictions in regards to sex: promiscuity, the teaching and aiding the use of birth-control methods show significant similarity in today’s society. Scientific advances in Brave New World slightly bear a resemblance to many of our recently newfound discoveries. The characters in Brave New World have an intense obsession with beauty and youthful appearance that closely resemble our modern perspective on the human form. Religion of today is also slowly starting to resemble The Brave New World vision of doctrine. On the other hand, Huxley’s prediction of parenting is very off from today’s parental values and expectations. In Huxley’s Brave New World the people treat sex as a form of hedonistic pleasure and entertainment, rather than a way of showing love or for means of reproduction. Most forms of entertainment in Brave New World somehow relate to sex (Sykes). For example, the feelies are pornographic movies with a more advanced plot line and the added bonus of experiencing the same things as the actors on the screen (Sykes). In Brave New World, a person would take a â€Å"first-date† to a feelie, then afterward go somewhere to engage in sexual activity. The government encourages sex and promiscuity among its citizens; if a person is not promiscuous they are seen as an outsider. To be monogamous is frowned upon tremendously, and to have a long term relationship is questioning the government and his â€Å"Fordship.† In today’s society sex is discussed more freely than it has ever been in the past. Today sex is shown in all forms of media: from magazines, television, movies, and the Internet. The pornographic industry is one of the countries leading enterprises. Many outside corporati... Free Essays on A Modern, Brave New World Free Essays on A Modern, Brave New World A Modern, Brave New World To predict the future of a society can be an impossible feat, however Huxley’s Brave New World and his insightful predictions of the future are astonishingly accurate in several areas of our own society; his predictions in regards to sex: promiscuity, the teaching and aiding the use of birth-control methods show significant similarity in today’s society. Scientific advances in Brave New World slightly bear a resemblance to many of our recently newfound discoveries. The characters in Brave New World have an intense obsession with beauty and youthful appearance that closely resemble our modern perspective on the human form. Religion of today is also slowly starting to resemble The Brave New World vision of doctrine. On the other hand, Huxley’s prediction of parenting is very off from today’s parental values and expectations. In Huxley’s Brave New World the people treat sex as a form of hedonistic pleasure and entertainment, rather than a way of showing love or for means of reproduction. Most forms of entertainment in Brave New World somehow relate to sex (Sykes). For example, the feelies are pornographic movies with a more advanced plot line and the added bonus of experiencing the same things as the actors on the screen (Sykes). In Brave New World, a person would take a â€Å"first-date† to a feelie, then afterward go somewhere to engage in sexual activity. The government encourages sex and promiscuity among its citizens; if a person is not promiscuous they are seen as an outsider. To be monogamous is frowned upon tremendously, and to have a long term relationship is questioning the government and his â€Å"Fordship.† In today’s society sex is discussed more freely than it has ever been in the past. Today sex is shown in all forms of media: from magazines, television, movies, and the Internet. The pornographic industry is one of the countries leading enterprises. Many outside corporati...

Free Essays on Emily Bronte

Emily Bronte was born on July 30, 1818 on Thornton at Bradford, her father’s parsonage. The Bronte family moved to a remote region of northern England called Haworth. Since this was such a tiny Yorkshire village, many people referred to it as the â€Å"moors.† The moor life was very blunt, and the lifestyle was considered to be â€Å"too coarse.† Bronte was the fifth of six children, and the oldest, Elizabeth, was only four years older than she was. Bronte had four sisters and one brother, and because they were close in age, they had close relationships. Mrs. Bronte died when Emily was only three years old. She was left to be cared for by her two eldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, and her eccentric father. As if the death of Emily’s mother wasn’t enough, her two eldest sisters later died of typhus fever. Since Emily and her remaining siblings were too young to provide for the family, Emily’s aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, moved in to be their caregiver and guardian. The children were not fond of their extremely religious aunt; therefore their father hired a servant, Tabitha Akryroryd, to be the â€Å"mother figure† in their home. In Wuthering Heights Tabitha was comparable to the character of Nelly Dean, for she provided the Bronte children with love and security that neither their aunt nor mother had been able to give. Emily Bronte’s literary influence came directly from her father Patrick. He taught his children to think unconventionally and to question everything that was put before them. He instilled love of literature and intellectual passion while other children were learning religion, ethics, and etiquette. Furthermore, Patrick Bronte was one of the founding members of an important library known as Keighley Institute. This allowed his children free access to vast selections of books in history, art, biography, and poetry. When Emily’s older sisters went away to school, Emily and her younger sister Anne began... Free Essays on Emily Bronte Free Essays on Emily Bronte Emily Bronte was born on July 30, 1818 on Thornton at Bradford, her father’s parsonage. The Bronte family moved to a remote region of northern England called Haworth. Since this was such a tiny Yorkshire village, many people referred to it as the â€Å"moors.† The moor life was very blunt, and the lifestyle was considered to be â€Å"too coarse.† Bronte was the fifth of six children, and the oldest, Elizabeth, was only four years older than she was. Bronte had four sisters and one brother, and because they were close in age, they had close relationships. Mrs. Bronte died when Emily was only three years old. She was left to be cared for by her two eldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, and her eccentric father. As if the death of Emily’s mother wasn’t enough, her two eldest sisters later died of typhus fever. Since Emily and her remaining siblings were too young to provide for the family, Emily’s aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, moved in to be their caregiver and guardian. The children were not fond of their extremely religious aunt; therefore their father hired a servant, Tabitha Akryroryd, to be the â€Å"mother figure† in their home. In Wuthering Heights Tabitha was comparable to the character of Nelly Dean, for she provided the Bronte children with love and security that neither their aunt nor mother had been able to give. Emily Bronte’s literary influence came directly from her father Patrick. He taught his children to think unconventionally and to question everything that was put before them. He instilled love of literature and intellectual passion while other children were learning religion, ethics, and etiquette. Furthermore, Patrick Bronte was one of the founding members of an important library known as Keighley Institute. This allowed his children free access to vast selections of books in history, art, biography, and poetry. When Emily’s older sisters went away to school, Emily and her younger sister Anne began...

Rodney King Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rodney King - Research Paper Example It will also review whether the attack was a case of police brutality, racial discrimination etc or on the other hand whether it was a justified action on the part of the law enforcement officials of the City. Relevant statistical data will also be given that justifies either of the stands or viewpoints given above. The Unfolding of the King Story and its Aftermath It could be said that the incident sparked off indignation and disbelief followed by forms of illegal retribution from the minority community in the city. â€Å"On March 03 1991, a bystander videotaped Rodney King, an African-American resident of Los Angeles, being beaten up by four White officers of the Los Angeles Police Department, who used a sten gun on King and repeatedly kicked him and hit him with batons† (Sigelman et al, 777, 1997). The article goes on to explain the (initial) feelings of various individuals who expressed indignation regarding the action of the LA police department. The amateur video segment does show King being overpowered and eventually being brutalized by a superior force, the officers of the City Police Department. ... exited at the Sunland Boulevard off ramp and returned to the freeway to chase the speeding car at speeds of up to 117 miles per hour.   King ignored the flashing lights and sped off an exit ramp.   He ran a red light, nearly causing an accident, before finally coming to a stop near the entrance to Hansen Dam Park, at the intersection of Osborne Street and Foothill Boulevard.   Within seconds, three Los Angeles police cars and a police helicopter arrived at the scene† (Linder 2001). King apparently stopped at a busy neighborhood so that there were possible witnesses as to what would happen to him after his imminent stoppage and possible arrest by the police. But what happened was a scene of brutality that was beyond the any civilized action by a law enforcement agency considering the crime King committed, namely driving under influence (DUI), probation restrictions, exceeding speed limits, and avoiding police action. The cornered car contained three occupants including Kin g. Two of the occupants complied with police demands to lie down on the ground and King did not apparently did not do likewise. The four officers (out of other police personnel) involved brutally attacked an apparently unarmed King. The amateur video taken by George Holliday showed an instance of how police personnel tackle a person accused of breaking the law. King was repeatedly beaten with batons and kicked by the officers involved. It was always reported that other law enforcement officials of the LA police department were silent or passive witnesses to the incident. King was repeatedly beaten and sometimes kicked by the law enforcement officials without any apparent aggressive act by the former. â€Å"Mr. King at first said to have only 'cuts and bruises' received while resisting arrest had his

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Reading response - Essay Example The amazing thing is that most of the ideas extended by the original work and its critics are in the nature of fictitious blames and lack any substantial material to base them on. The article also shows how the nation has a long standing history of being scared of minorities and diversity. It was not without a reason that the book, The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk won an avid readership, not only in her days, but even today. The irony that the American masses do have a history of being afraid of the foreign and the different does ensue from this article. The writer in a way does succeed in bringing out the fact that the work The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk did intend to present the Catholic Church as a symbol of evil and it strongly intended to present the Catholic priesthood as embodiment of carnal pleasures and immorality. The author brings out the fact that Maria Monks never resided in a Catholic convent and that her mental capacities and morality were never beyond doubt. There is other side of the coin also. It is obvious that the writer Ruth Hughes is a Catholic and intends to unravel the lying and falsehood resorted to by Maria Monks and her supporters, to debase and vilify the Catholic Church. However, while doing so, Hughes did fail many times to show the kindness, compassion and forgiveness that so typically define the Catholic faith. Instead one is resorting to the kind of aggressive and base tactics that were resorted to by one’s opponents. Ruth Hughes is trying to do away with the accusation made by Maria Monks and her supporters by vilifying their character and sense of morality and ethics. It would have been much saner if Hughes had come down on this vilification of the Catholic by taking a higher ground. This would have presented one’s faith to the readers in a more favorable and benign light and would have brought out the irresponsible

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PROJECT DESCRIPTION - Essay Example Particularly, I focused on the water conditions, depth, and flow. The experimental research took various routes; however, my first observational study was the water conditions. Apparently, the samples of the water revealed a substantial amount of Algae, which is a type of bacterial substance produced by duck week and sewage residues. Through further research into algae, I found that there is a way of filtering this algae bacterium into a mineral. According to research, this is said to be good for muscular a joint conditions. Having found out this possible, I wanted to talk this further. Therefore, I decided to design a thermal pool whereby I would use the algae as the healing mineral. In the course of enriching the discovery, I will have a three-floor building beside the thermal pool. The ground floor will serve as the changing rooms as well as toilet facilities. The first floor would be the lab area for important experiments and presentation of findings. Subsequently, it will constitute a gallery space where the bacterial findings and different filtration as well as a recycling processes display. Most importantly, this will include the bacterial filtration process for the Algae collected, the sand filtration process which is used to recycle the canal water to the thermal pool and third the recycling process of the used thermal water channelled back into the canal. In essence, the water is pumped from the canal into pipes using a pressure pump, which then pumps to the roof of the building. Conceivably, this is where all the filtration processes take place, opened into a valve, which lets the waterfall down into the pool

Brief Analysis of Music Essay Example for Free

Brief Analysis of Music Essay In Joel and Ethan Coen’s unique take on referencing Homer’s Odyssey in the form of a 1930’s Great Depression comedy-adventure film, â€Å"O Brother, Where Art Thou? †, the most noticeably intelligent attribute was the genius song and music choice that, in more ways than one, dictated scene build-up, characteristic, and transition, thus keeping the theme of the â€Å"old-time,† old-country† atmosphere well intact throughout. The variety of American roots music songs used in the scenes gives cinematic emphasis to the characters’ circumstances and plot situations. Moreover, the assortment highlights the realness of time and setting presentation in telling the story of trio convicts and just where, when, and how their adventure unfolds. Brief Analysis of Music Selection in Joel and Ethan Coen’s â€Å"O Brother, Where Art Thou? † As the film opens with a lengthy line of hard-toiling inmates along the rail-road iron linings, collectively and heavily chanting verses from a rather hauntingly soothing blues tune entitled â€Å"Po Lazarus† (Track 1), the audience is at once audio-visually oriented and introduced into the state of the times, surroundings, over-all atmospherics, and mood of the film. The relative simplicity of life through the rather depressed and trying times is kept through notable scenes. An example of which is when the odd trio of Ulysses Everett McGill, Delmar O’Donnell, and Pete, together with Cousin Wash, all enjoyed an after-meal, quality-entertainment radio offering via Norman Blake’s country classic â€Å"You are My Sunshine† (Track 3). Moreover, the music presented in each of the scenes not only offers musical genre variety of roots country and folk, blues, bluegrass, gospel, and much in between through certain scene transitions, but more importantly highlights the tone of each separate scene in between dialogue, one distinct from the other, effectively and memorably. An example of this was the on-going quarrel of Everett and Pete which was overshadowed by the mass baptismal gathering and singing of a traditional gospel hymn â€Å"Down to the River to Pray† (Track 4), wherein all except Everett opted to clean his spiritual slate. Another was the scene seduction by the sirens, which is musically accompanied with â€Å"Didn’t Leave Nobody but the Baby† (Track 10) by Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, and Gillian Welch, and also with Tommy’s would-be hanging in the sound of â€Å"O Death. † All of these scenes are observably different from one another, but the rather musically enchanting versed sung melodies even give the scenes both an emotionally accessible and later-on cinematically nostalgic feature which stays with the viewers even after the film is over. The song selection provides the proper build-up, eventual transition through, and even main story twists which fuel the story’s eventualities. An example of this was when the trio headed to a local radio station in hopes of garnering a means of self-financial aid, they sang â€Å"Man of Constant Sorrow† (Track 7), disguised on the airwaves as the â€Å"Soggy Bottom Boys† accompanied by musically skillful, guitar-equipped Tommy Johnson—who played a particularly important scene role for the film’s story. The song performed was not only quite entertaining, but its definitions also constituted what a traditional American folk song truly is, which gave the scene much credibility and realness in every extent. The music also provides the film with a sense of scene consistency without compromising the story and, as the quality of song recordings are kept to its truest form even more enriching the old-time aspect of the film. As Evan Cater (2009) points out, â€Å"These recordings, which were made without the meddling clarity of digital technology, give the film much of its power and authenticity† (n. p. ). The excellent selection and execution of music and scene inter-play gives the film a characteristic of its own and none like other. References Burnett, D. (2000). Man of Constant Sorrow [D. Tyminski, H. Allen P. Enright]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Cater, E. (2008). O Brother, Where Art Thou?. AllMusic. com. Retrieved January 21, 2009 from http://www. allmusic. com/cg/amg. dll? p=amgsql=10:hifixqu0ldse. Coen, J. (2000). O Brother, Where Art Thou?. California: Touchstone and Universal Pictures. Davs, J. Mitchell, C. (2000). You are My Sunshine [N. Blake]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records Harris, E. , Krauss, A. , and Welch, G. (2000). Didn’t Leave Nobody but the Baby [E. Harris, A. Krauss, G. Welch ]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Lomax, A. (2000). Po Lazarus [J. Carter]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Traditional (2000). Down to the River to Pray [A. Krauss]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Traditional. (2000). O Death [R. Stanley]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records.

Music Comes and Goes :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Music Comes and Goes    Different styles of music effect people in many ways. The different styles could be different in religion, culture, and their messages towards the public. Because of the many styles , many questions are found concerning how different music effects people in different ways. Every style of music have their own beats, melodies, and instruments which give different effects to the human year. From that difference people percieve these styles of music in many ways. Some people seem to fancy one type of music more than the others, some people can listen to almost any type of music without haste while some do not really care for music at all.    What kind of music do different age groups listen to? That really is a matter of young people preferring fast beats compared to the adults that prefer easy listenning tunes. Young people from ages fourteen to around the early twenties seem to get into music that have lyrics that contain stories or thiemes on sex, violence, and relationships. Especially music that contain explicit lyrics are popular among the teenagers. The reason behind that is that teenagers are put into a situation where they aren't aloud to do many things concerning their age such as drinking, smoking or seeing highly rated movies. That makes teenagers want to do things that are against the rules to show more individuality among their peers and to appeal their social sides.    Also being in a compressed environment makes the teens to want to rebel in one way or another to feel more independent and strong. On the other hand once you are an adult facing many responsibilities and have true independence, people seem to listen to music with slower beats or music with a realistic point of view on life. Because the person reached adulthood doesn't mean they get calmed down. there is no proof for that . But because of the difference between independence among the teenagers and the adults , adults seem to listen to whatever music they 've chosen as their type of music during their teenage years while teenagers are in the process of searching for what music is the ultimate for themselves . So in a easier way it means that adults are more concervative and teenagers are more liberal about listening to music. Another factor concerning what the different age groups listen to is that music has its biorythm, saying that some types are more popular than the other at certai n times until another type of music takes over.

The Fall of Innocence in A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

â€Å"Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a step toward him, and then my knees bent and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head around to look at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke through the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening, unnatural thud, It was the first clumsy physical action I had ever seen him make. With unthinking sureness I moved out on the limb and jumped into the river, every trace of my fear forgotten.† (Knowles 59-60). Gene Forrester, one of the main characters in John Knowles' novel A Separate Peace, describes his best friend Phineas' fall from a â€Å"tremendous tree, an irate steely black steeple beside a river,†(Knowles 6) at their all boys boarding school, Devon. Gene is an introverted young boy who is very academically gifted. Finny, however, is an extremely extroverted childish young boy who is very athleticaly gifted. Finny's fall eventually leads to terrible thi ngs, such as death and guilt. Throughout the novel Knowles uses Phineas' fall from the tree to symbolize his loss of innocence, to show Gene's guilt, and to develop Phinea's death. After Phineas, also known as Finny, falls from the tree, he slowy begins to change. He begins to lose his innocence, It can be seen in the beginning of the novel that Finny acts very innocent. For example, Finny's game of Blitzball shows his spontaneous style of play, and his innocent child like personality. However after Finny's tragic fall from the tree, he begins to seem less innocent and childish. He begins to reveal secrets to Gene, such as when he tells Gene about trying to enlist in the war. â€Å"I've been writing to the Army and the Navy and the Marines and the Canadians and everybody else all winter..†(Knowles 190). War is not an event for innocent little boys. When readers find out that Finny had been trying to enlist in the war all winter it shows that after the fall Finny becomes less and less innocent. He no longer begins to play his childish games, and no longer tries to preform his crazy stunts. Though he is hurt, he does not seem to want to watch or help pa rticipate in any of these activies. On the day Finny fell from that tree, he did not just plument down into the river beneath him, but also fell from innocence.

American and British Labor

The dramatic rise of the British Labor Party to the position of His Majesty's opposition in the House of Commons has focused the attention of the entire Western world upon the British labor movement. On the benches where Burke and Gladstone once sat there are now over 140 miners, machinists, weavers, boilermakers and working class leaders ready to take over the government of Great Britain if the conservative parties fail. The movement which has brought the British working class to the thresh-old of power is not the sudden spurt of a handful of insurrectionists working upon the discontent of the people. It is a conscious and highly organized section of the state moving deliberately toward a new kind of industrial and political society. The movement has tremendous significance for America because it is a movement of kindred peoples, speaking a common language and struggling in the midst of industrial problems which are not unlike the problems of America. What British labor does in one decade may be done in America in the next. To understand the British labor movement it is well to note first of all that it is a movement of one hundred and twenty-five years' growth. Many of the issues which are today vital in the American labor movement were disposed of fifty years ago in Great Britain. When America was still predominantly an agricultural country Great Britain had passed through the first and worst stages of the Industrial Revolution. With the introduction of power  driven machinery great numbers of workers were brought together under one employer in factories and mills. They were forced to work fifteen and eighteen hours a day for   wages that would now be refused by an errand boy. They formed unions and went on strikes only to be beaten, imprisoned and exiled. When they demanded a ten-hour day   they were denounced as criminals. When they formed a picket line, they were imprisoned for intimidation. Although temporarily defeated in times of industrial depression they did not lose courage. Step by step they won the right to organize, the right to strike, collective bargaining, political power in the state, the reduction of hours, the enormous increase of wages, and a measure of joint control over working conditions. Every forward step which the British workers have taken has been bitterly fought by the employing classes and has been conceded only when labor demonstrated its superior economic or political power. With such a background of struggle the British labor movement is not a delicate thing. It does not depend on employers' sanctions: it is not concerned about its respectability. It is proud with the pride of a hard won success. The Rise of the Labour Party From the back bedroom of Ramsay MacDonald's house in No. 3 Lincoln's Inn Field to the front benches of Parliament in twenty years the Labor Party has come. Its growth is the most inspiring achievement of the British labor movement. It is a party of manual and brain workers, controlled by workers and led by workers. Fifty years ago there was no indication that the workers would ever reject the old parties and create a party of their own. The growth of the idea of a separate labor party was at first painfully slow. In 1892 Kier Hardie sat alone as the first independent worker to be elected to the House of Commons. He helped to organize the Independent Labor Party, a group of vigorous young socialists who set about to convert the trade unions to believe in the political action of labor. By 1900 they had so far succeeded that the Trades Union Congress appointed a Labor Representation Committee. Since the formation of this committee, the power of labor in politics has steadily grown. The Labor Party, officially   formed in 1906, startled the country in that year by electing 29 members to Parliament. In 1910 the party elected 42 members and in 1918 about 70. In November, 1922, the Labor Party returned 144 representatives and some 10,000 local and municipal officials. If the increase in the Labor Party vote continues to be as rapid as it was in the years from 1900 to 1922, Great Britain will have a clear majority of labor voters by 1926. The labor votes have increased from 62,000†¦ socialist societies affiliated in a body of individual members. The brain workers are joining the party in increasing numbers are being provided for by separate local organizations. The Labour party is controlled by annual conference of delegates from the affiliated organizations and by an execute committee of twenty-three members elected by the conference. The party carries candidate becomes official when he has been approved by the National Executive Committee of the Labor Party. In this scheme of nominating candidates the individual members of the Labor Party are not forgotten. Their candidates immediately before election, often a constituency has a â€Å"prospective† candidate who may be chosen shortly after an election and approved by the national Labour Party who have 43 representatives, but there has been no fundamental clash of interests between the trade-union leaders and the intellectuals. The chief reason for the opposition to the Communist International is that the British workers do not favor the method of revolution adopted by the Communists. Operation in international affairs will be more successful than the similar pledge given by the European socialists before the war. THE POWER OF THE UNIONS There are more than twice as many members in trade unions in Great Britain as there are in the United States in proportion to population. Almost every industry has its union or unions with recognition and collective bargaining. The membership of unions affiliated to the Trades Union Congress increased from one million in 1895 to six and one-half millions in 1920. During 1921 and 1922 there was a serious loss in union membership because of unemployment and the financial depression but there were no indications that this loss would be permanent. The 1922 figures showed about five million union members. The Federation of British Industries, the largest employers' organization, representing 16,000 firms and over 19 billion dollars of capital, in its official report on the control of industry, says: â€Å"The principles of trade union representation and collective bargaining are now fully accepted by employers.† British employers do not use the term collective bargaining to mean dealing with â€Å"Company Unions† or employees' organizations set up by the employers themselves. There are virtually no â€Å"Company Unions† in Great Britain, except the organizations of foremen and supervisors. Most British employers bargain directly with their employees as members of a national or district labor union. It is generally recognized that the workers have the right to choose their own representatives without restriction. They are usually represented in negotiations with employers by their own elected union officers who are specialists in gathering and presenting information about the trade. In America, the unskilled workers are the last of the manual workers to be organized, with the result that strong craft unions may be found working with unskilled non union, demonstrated during the conduct of great strikes. In the coal strike of the spring and summer of 1921, over 1,000,000 miners were on strike, and approximately 3,000,000 other workers of organizers. It is controlled by the votes of the delegates who have power in proportion to the number of members they represent. (Paul Blanshard – author, Paul Blanshard – author. Publisher: George H. Doran Company. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1923. Page Number: 20.) The Labour Party was created in 1900: a new party for a new century.   Its formation was the result of many years of hard effort by working people, trade unionists and socialists, united by the goal of changing the British Parliament to represent the interests of everybody.   Ignored by the Tories and disillusioned with the Liberals, a coalition of different interests came together to push for change at a Conference on Labour Representation in London's Memorial Hall in February 1900. For many years the new organisation struggled to take root in the British political system.   The conference of February 1900 had not even created a proper ‘party.' Instead the new body was called the Labour Representation Committee and it had no members, only organisations affiliated to it.   In the elections of that year, the new group made little ground.   Indeed Labour's leaders worked closely with the 1906-14 Liberal Governments, and relied on their majority to agree measures to help Labour, such as the Trade Disputes Act of 1906, and the payment of MPs in 1911. But while Labour in Parliament was â€Å"hanging from the coat-tails† of the Liberals, Labour in the country was growing apace.   The number of constituency parties affiliated rose from 73 in 1906 to 179 by 1914 and before the outbreak of war prevented the expected election, Labour was prepared to field a record number of candidates.   When the Liberal Party split in 1916, the Labour Party was well placed to make a challenge for power. Until the early 1900s, people often worked long hours for low wages. The labor movement began as people started to work together to improve their work conditions. Although there are many laws to protect workers, there are still concerns about working conditions, particular the use of immigrants and children. In the 1930s, the labor movement gained momentum. With an abundance of labor, employers could easily replace workers. Labor unions were formed to help workers get organized and bargain for their needs and rights. Workers created unions because groups have more bargaining power than individuals. When large groups of employees make joint decisions, employers are forced to listen to their concerns. For example, if all the workers in a factory stopped working at the same time, it would be difficult to keep the company operating. Early unions in North America faced a difficult battle. Employers refused to accept the unions. The courts often declared the unions illegal. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 and other laws required employers to bargain with unions. Political parties and other groups have also become involved with the labor movement. Organized labor is not as powerful today as it once was. However, many people such as construction, factory,and industry employees are members of unions. Although they have helped workers earn higher wages and better working conditions, some people think they are too powerful.